GitHub announced on Friday their updated community guidelines that explain how the company will deal with exploits and malware samples hosted on their service.

To give some background behind the new policy changes, security researcher Nguyen Jang uploaded a proof-of-concept exploit (PoC) to GitHub in March for the Microsoft Exchange Proxy Logon vulnerability.

Soon after uploading the exploit, Jang received an email from Microsoft-owned GitHub stating that PoC exploit was removed as it violated the Acceptable Use Policies.
In a statement to Bleeping Computer, GitHub said they took down the PoC to protect Microsoft Exchange servers that were being heavily exploited at the time using the vulnerability.
However, GitHub faced immediate backlash from security researchers who felt that GitHub was policing the disclosure of legitimate security research simply because it was affecting a Microsoft product.

GitHub releases updated guidelines
In April, GitHub issued a ‘call for feedback’ to the cybersecurity community regarding their policies for malware and exploits hosted on GitHub.

After a month of input, GitHub officially announced yesterday that repositories created to host malware for malicious campaigns, act as a command and control server, or are used to distribute malicious scripts, are prohibited.

However, the uploading of PoC exploits and malware are permitted as long as they have a dual-user purpose.

In the context of malware and exploits, dual-use means content that can be used for the positive sharing of new information and research while at the same time can also be used for malicious purposes.

The key changes added to the GitHub guidelines are summarized below:

We explicitly permit dual-use security technologies and content related to research into vulnerabilities, malware, and exploits. We understand that many security research projects on GitHub are dual-use and broadly beneficial to the security community. We assume positive intention and use of these projects to promote and drive improvements across the ecosystem. This change modifies previously broad language that could be misinterpreted as hostile toward projects with dual-use, clarifying that such projects are welcome.
We have clarified how and when we may disrupt ongoing attacks that are leveraging the GitHub platform as an exploit or malware content delivery network (CDN). We do not allow use of GitHub in direct support of unlawful attacks that cause technical harm, which we’ve further defined as overconsumption of resources, physical damage, downtime, denial of service, or data loss.
We made clear that we have an appeals and reinstatement process directly in this policy. We allow our users to appeal decisions to restrict their content or account access. This is especially important in the security research context, so we’ve very clearly and directly called out the ability for affected users to appeal action taken against their content.
We’ve suggested a means by which parties may resolve disputes prior to escalating and reporting abuse to GitHub. This appears in the form of a recommendation to leverage an optional SECURITY.md file for the project to provide contact information to resolve abuse reports. This encourages members of our community to resolve conflicts directly with project maintainers without requiring formal GitHub abuse reports.
While dual-use content is allowed, the new GitHub guidelines around PoCs and malware states that they retain the right to remove dual-use content, such as exploits or malware, to disrupt active attacks or malware campaigns utilizing GitHub.

GitHub states that they continue to support community feedback regarding their policies to continue improving their policies.

What Is Hub?

Hub is a command-line tool created by GitHub that wraps the standard git executable and adds GitHub-specific commands on top of it. Rather than switching between your terminal and a browser to manage pull requests, forks, and repositories, Hub lets you perform those operations directly from the command line.

Hub has no external runtime dependencies. Because it wraps git, the only prerequisite is having git installed — the project recommends git 1.7.3 or newer. Once configured, you can either call it as hub or alias it to git so that all your existing muscle memory continues to work.

Key Commands Hub Adds to Git

Hub provides both brand-new commands and extended versions of existing git commands. Some of the most useful ones include:

• hub am — Replicates commits locally from a GitHub pull request URL, making it easy to apply a PR to your local branch without manually fetching the remote.
• hub cherry-pick — Cherry-picks a commit directly from a fork on GitHub by accepting a GitHub commit URL instead of just a SHA.
• hub alias — Outputs shell instructions for aliasing hub as git, so all git invocations transparently gain Hub’s extra functionality.
• hub browse — Opens the current GitHub repository in your default web browser from the terminal.
• hub create — Creates a new repository on GitHub and automatically adds a git remote pointing to it, combining two steps into one.
• hub fork — Forks the current repository on GitHub under your account and adds a git remote for the fork locally.
• hub pull-request — Opens a pull request on GitHub from the current branch without touching the browser.
• hub clone — Extends git clone so you can use shorthand like hub clone owner/repo instead of full GitHub URLs.

The full list of commands is documented in the Hub man page (accessible via man hub after installation). Most commands are designed to run within an existing local git repository.

Why Use Hub? Core Use Cases

Contributing to Open Source

Hub simplifies the open-source contribution workflow considerably. Fetching a repository, navigating to the project page, forking a repo, and submitting a pull request can all be handled from the terminal without context-switching to a browser. This is particularly valuable when contributing to multiple projects in a single session.

Scripting and Automation

Because Hub is a CLI tool, it integrates naturally into shell scripts and CI pipelines. You can automate workflows such as creating GitHub issues on build failure, opening a pull request after a feature branch is pushed, or listing open issues as part of a triage script — all without needing to interact with the GitHub web UI or write custom API client code.

Project Maintenance

Maintainers benefit from Hub’s ability to fetch branches from contributor forks, review pull requests locally, and cherry-pick specific commits using GitHub URLs. This reduces the manual steps required to evaluate and merge external contributions.

Team and Enterprise Workflows

Hub supports GitHub Enterprise in addition to GitHub.com, though Enterprise hosts must be explicitly whitelisted in Hub’s configuration. For teams doing frequent code reviews, Hub can speed up the process of opening pull requests and pushing to multiple remotes in a single command.

Alternatives to Hub

Hub is not the only tool in this space. Notable alternatives include:

• GitHub CLI (gh) — GitHub’s own official successor to Hub, released after 2019, which provides a more comprehensive and officially supported GitHub integration as a standalone tool rather than a git wrapper.
• Lab — A similar CLI wrapper focused on GitLab workflows.
• Magit Forge — An Emacs-based interface for interacting with GitHub and GitLab forges from within the Magit git client.

Trade-offs and Criticism

While Hub is widely seen as convenient, some developers raise a legitimate concern: building workflows and automation around Hub deepens dependency on GitHub as a platform. As one Hacker News commenter noted at the time of its wider coverage:

“While it is pretty cool, using such a tool increases general lock-in to GitHub, in terms of both habits and potential use of it for automation of processes.”

This is a fair consideration for teams evaluating vendor neutrality. If your organisation might migrate to GitLab, Gitea, or another host, scripting workflows with Hub (or gh) creates migration overhead. For teams fully committed to GitHub, however, this trade-off is generally acceptable given the productivity gains.

Getting Started

Hub can be installed via common package managers. To alias it as git and check the version, run:

# macOS with Homebrew
brew install hub

# Alias hub as git in your shell profile
eval "$(hub alias -s)"

# Verify
git version  # will show hub version alongside git version

After aliasing, commands like git clone owner/repo, git fork, and git pull-request become available immediately in any existing git repository.

Note: If you are starting a new project today, consider evaluating GitHub’s official gh CLI, which has received active development and official support from GitHub since Hub’s initial rise in popularity.