It is visited by both prospicient and short-tongued bees.

Kidney vetch If you survive in the southerly one-half of the UK and develop this plant life you Crataegus oxycantha be golden and likewise draw in Britain’s smallest butterfly, the gorgeous humble gamey. 

Early flowers you buttocks supply to your garden to draw in bumblebees let in viper’s bitterweed (left) and schnittlaugh (right)

Do not confound them with their flashy South African relatives pelargoniums, which are of brief respect to insects. 

Digitalis A best-loved with long-tongued bumblebees so much as the garden humblebee.

Approximately civilised varieties develop piddling nectar, so it’s safest to bond to the state of nature empurpled typecast. 

Erysimum The ‘Bowles’s Mauve’ perennial wallflower bum bloom for just about of the year, but is to the highest degree fecund in outflow when it attracts butterflies, lone bees and short-tongued bumblebees.

Genus Laburnum Its glorious Cascades of dangling yellow, pea-character flowers are mainly visited by bumblebees, peculiarly red-tails, which stimulate a hard orientation for yellowed blooms. 

Geranium (right) Go for the mauve flowers of the beautiful indigene meadow cranesbill (G.

pratense).

Prohibited of this world: A persuasion of the Sexual love Span from Protaras in Cyprus.

In Protaras, you ass try scuba diving, windsurfing and jet-skiing

In Protaras, you pot try scuba diving, windsurfing and jet-skiing” class=”blkBorder img-share” style=”max-width:100%” />

‘Because two crimes are being committed by the occupants of those boats: one is trying to enter the UK allegedly and the second is paying money to organised crime.

Both of which provide grounds for those boats to be intercepted, the occupants apprehended in as safe a way as possible and returned to France. You are getting fobbed off with excuses.’

Former President Barack Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama said that the police-involved killing of a black man in Minnesota, Daunte Wright, shows ‘how badly we need to reimagine policing and public safety’ in America.

What should you outsource? It’s possible to find online providers such as Upwork, Zen Assistant and Workhoppers, who will provide fee-based services, either on a contract or per-project basis. My advice: Take a couple of months to track the repetitive tasks that you do and then decide what you need to offload.

شینگل – https://www.google.com,

The Experiment: Serving Millions of Pages from $1,000 of Hardware

When the Raspberry Pi 4 launched in June 2019, the official raspberrypi.org website experienced its highest-ever traffic day. What made the event unusual from a DevOps perspective was that a significant portion of that traffic was served by an 18-board Raspberry Pi 4 cluster — the very hardware being announced — built and operated by Mythic Beasts, the ISP responsible for hosting the site.

The cluster cost less than $1,000 in hardware and handled the record demand without issue. According to Pete Stevens, director at Mythic Beasts, the team served several million pages from the Pi cluster on launch day alone.

“In hindsight we over-specified our cluster — we only really needed about four Pi 4s to do all the WordPress pages (plus two for static content and two for memcache).”

Pete Stevens, Director, Mythic Beasts

Cluster Specifications

The 18-node Pi 4 cluster delivered the following aggregate resources:

• Compute: 72 cores (4 cores per board × 18 boards)
• RAM: 72 GB DDR4 (4 GB per board × 18 boards, using the 4 GB Pi 4 model priced at $55 each)
• Power draw: Under 100 W for the entire cluster
• Physical footprint: Approximately ½U of rack space

Those density and power figures are striking when compared to traditional x86 rack servers. Mythic Beasts noted bluntly that “server manufacturers should start getting scared.”

Why the Pi 4 Is a Step Change for Server Workloads

Earlier Raspberry Pi boards were largely dismissed as serious server candidates due to shared USB and Ethernet buses, limited RAM, and weak single-core performance. The Pi 4 addresses several of those bottlenecks:

• True Gigabit Ethernet — no longer sharing bandwidth with the USB bus
• Up to 4 GB LPDDR4 RAM — enough headroom for WordPress, memcache, and static serving roles
• Roughly 2.5× the CPU performance of the Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (as characterised by Mythic Beasts; independent benchmarks may vary)

The Economics: ARM Cores vs. x86 Cores at Scale

Stevens made a pointed cost comparison for parallelisable workloads such as microservices:

“I can buy a 48-port switch ($750), 48 Pi 4s (48 × $55) and 48 PoE HATs (48 × $30) and for around $5,000 you’ve got 192 ARM cores. In traditional server land you’ll be lucky to get 32 Intel or AMD cores for the same money. So if you’re running microservices you might get significantly better value out of the Raspberry Pi.”

Pete Stevens, Director, Mythic Beasts

The argument is not that a Pi 4 is a drop-in replacement for a high-end server. Rather, it is that certain classes of workload — those that scale horizontally and tolerate lower per-core throughput — can be run on Pi hardware for a fraction of the cost. Stevens frames the question this way:

“The question isn’t ‘Is my Pi 4 a drop-in replacement for my $5,000 servers?’ It’s ‘What applications that currently use $5,000 servers can easily be modified to run on less than $500 of Pi 4 hardware?'”

Pete Stevens, Director, Mythic Beasts

What Was — and Was Not — Running on the Pi Cluster

It is important to understand the scope of the deployment accurately. Not every component of raspberrypi.org ran on the Pi 4 cluster at launch:

• Running on Pi 4: WordPress page serving, static content delivery, memcache
• Still on non-Pi hardware: Front-end load balancers, download servers, apt servers, and databases
• CDN layer: Cloudflare was used to accelerate content delivery (a Cloudflare outage on launch day — which also affected Amazon and Facebook — caused a period of downtime unrelated to the Pi cluster itself)

Current Limitations and the Roadmap

Stevens identified two concrete blockers that prevented a fuller migration at the time of the Pi 4 launch:

1. No Network Boot Support (Yet)

At launch, the Pi 4 lacked support for booting over network-attached storage. This was listed as a planned firmware addition. Without it, Mythic Beasts was reluctant to move the site’s databases onto the cluster, since that role demands “mirrored storage on enterprise SSDs with high write reliability and long write lifetimes” — not SD cards.

2. Network Uplink Constraints

The existing PoE switch infrastructure was designed around the Pi 3, which had a shared USB/Ethernet bus limited to well under 1 Gbps. The Pi 4’s true Gigabit Ethernet was faster than the switches’ uplinks, making the Pi 4 unsuitable as a high-throughput content server until the network was redesigned and upgraded.

“They’re just too fast for our Pi 3 cloud design.”

Pete Stevens, Director, Mythic Beasts

The majority of raspberrypi.org’s traffic comes from OS image downloads, which were still served from Intel hardware. Mythic Beasts indicated that moving this workload to Pi 4 was feasible once the network infrastructure was upgraded.

The Broader Argument: “Good Enough” Technology Wins

Stevens drew a historical parallel to explain why ARM-based commodity hardware may eventually challenge x86 dominance in the server market, despite previous ARM server attempts failing to gain significant share:

“History repeats. Microsoft and Linux won over DEC, Sun, IBM, HP, SGI by being cheap and good enough and steadily getting better.”

Pete Stevens, Director, Mythic Beasts

The pattern is familiar in infrastructure: workloads migrate to cheaper, lower-power platforms as those platforms cross a “good enough” threshold and the ecosystem matures around them. The Pi 4 experiment suggests that threshold may already have been crossed for horizontally scalable web workloads.

Key Takeaways for DevOps Engineers

• Parallelisable workloads (microservices, static serving, caching layers) are the strongest candidates for Pi-based clusters.
• Total cost of ownership calculations should include PoE HATs, switches, and storage — not just the board price.
• Network infrastructure may be the practical bottleneck before compute when deploying Pi 4 at scale.
• Persistent storage strategy matters: SD cards are not suitable for database workloads; network boot and enterprise SSDs are required for production database hosting.
• The Pi 4’s true Gigabit Ethernet is the single most important improvement for server use cases compared to earlier models.

Source: TechRepublic reporting on Mythic Beasts’ deployment, June 2019. Original quotes from Pete Stevens, Mythic Beasts director.

Background: Operation Banner and the Scale of the Conflict

Over 250,000 military personnel served in Northern Ireland during Operation Banner — the longest continuous deployment of troops in British military history, running from August 1969 to July 2007. During that period, 1,441 military personnel died as a result of operations, with 722 killed in paramilitary attacks. The British military were responsible for the deaths of 301 people over the same span, more than half of whom were civilians. In total, approximately 3,520 people were killed during the Troubles.

Military Law and the Rules of Engagement

Military personnel are subject to both service law and civilian law wherever they serve. For every operation, personnel are issued rules of engagement that establish the circumstances and limitations under which they may use armed force. These rules are tailored to the specific operation and are intended to help commanders and soldiers remain within the law and any applicable political constraints. Importantly, the rules themselves carry no independent legal force.

For personnel serving in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 2007, the rules of engagement were contained in what became known as the yellow card. The original version had 21 rules, but was considered too detailed and complex. It was amended in 1980 to just six rules, which included the directive that only the minimum force necessary should be used and that firearms were to be deployed only as a last resort. The card’s wording was revised again in 1994.

How Were Personnel Prosecuted During the Troubles?

All fatalities involving the armed forces were investigated by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). In most cases, the central legal question was whether the soldier had the right to open fire given the specific circumstances at the time.

This process resulted in a number of convictions. However, in the majority of cases the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland either directed that there was no case to answer, or defendants were acquitted at trial.

The Good Friday Agreement and the “On the Runs” Scheme

The 1998 Good Friday Agreement made no specific provision for the investigation or prosecution of former members of the armed forces. It focused instead on the early release of prisoners affiliated with paramilitary organisations. Crucially, it did not provide a blanket amnesty for crimes for which individuals had not yet been prosecuted.

From 2000 to 2014, the UK government operated an administrative scheme under which individuals suspected of terrorism crimes in Northern Ireland who were not in custody — known as On the Runs — were issued letters of assurance stating they were not of interest to the prosecuting authorities.

The scheme was thrown into sharp relief in 2014 when a trial against John Downey — suspected in connection with the 1982 Hyde Park bombing — collapsed because he had previously received one of these assurance letters. A subsequent judge-led review criticised the scheme for systematic failings and made clear that such “letters of comfort” did not constitute an amnesty or legal immunity from prosecution.

The Historical Enquiries Team (HET)

In 2006, the government established the Historical Enquiries Team (HET) within the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). The HET examined all deaths attributable to the security situation in Northern Ireland between 1968 and the Good Friday Agreement, working through cases largely in chronological order.

The HET was created partly in response to European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) judgments concerning the investigation of deaths with alleged state involvement. Those judgments identified breaches of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights — the right to life.

In 2012, the Minister of Justice for Northern Ireland commissioned Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) to inspect the HET’s role and function. The resulting report was highly critical. In 2013, the PSNI announced it would review all military cases from 1968 through to the signing of the Good Friday Agreement, in order to ensure reviews met the required standard.

The Legacy Investigations Branch (LIB)

Due to budget cuts to the PSNI, the HET was disbanded in September 2014. A much smaller Legacy Investigations Branch (LIB) was formed in its place. The LIB continues to review murder cases linked to the Troubles, prioritising cases based on forensic opportunities, available witnesses, and other investigative material rather than strict chronological order.

Any LIB decision to prosecute is referred to the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland. The Ministry of Defence and the British government are entirely independent of this process.

The LIB and its predecessor have attracted significant criticism from multiple sides. Key concerns include:

• The credibility and reliability of evidence that is 40 or more years old
• The re-opening of investigations that had already formally concluded
• A widespread perception that investigations have disproportionately focused on the actions of the armed forces and former police officers — who account for approximately 30% of the LIB’s workload, despite being responsible for roughly 10% of overall Troubles-related deaths

Recent Prosecutions

The Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland has brought prosecutions against several former army personnel in recent years, which has reinforced perceptions among some that investigators are disproportionately targeting cases involving military personnel.

The Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland has stated that of the 26 prosecution cases brought since 2011, 21 involved republican and loyalist paramilitaries, with five cases ongoing at the time of the original briefing. To date, six military personnel have been charged with offences related to the Troubles, including one former soldier referred to publicly as Soldier F, who is being prosecuted in connection with the events of Bloody Sunday.

Summary

The legal framework governing armed forces conduct in Northern Ireland involved overlapping layers of service law, civilian law, and operational rules of engagement. Investigations and prosecutions have evolved significantly — from RUC-led inquiries during the Troubles, through the HET, to the current LIB. The process remains contested and politically sensitive, with ongoing debate about the balance between accountability, historical justice, and fairness to veterans.

The issues covered here are examined in depth in the House of Commons Library research briefing: Investigation of Former Armed Forces Personnel Who Served in Northern Ireland.