Open Shift is a cloud development Platform as a Service hosted by Red Hat. It’s an open source cloud-based platform used to create, test, and run applications, and finally deploy them on cloud. Open Shift is capable of managing applications written in different languages, such as Node.js, Ruby, Python, Perl, and Java. One of the key features of Open Shift is it is extensible, which helps the users support the application written in other languages. It is a layered system where each layer is tightly bounded with other layer using kubernetes and docker. Its architecture is designed such a way that it can support and manage docker containers which are hosted on top off the layers using kubernetes.

A chef is an open-source configuration management tool that uses Ruby to develop essential building blocks like recipes and cookbooks. It is an automation tool that converts infrastructure to code. It focuses on writing code instead of using the manual process. This feature enables Chef to manage and configure multiple systems with ease. The code can be tested and continuously deployed using Chef.  

2)10 Advantage of Chef

1. Accelerating Software Delivery
2. Accelerating cloud Adoption
3. Manage Datacenters
4. A streamlined IT operation workflow
5. Continuous delivery
6. Deploy and manage servers and applications
7. Automate tasks across numerous servers
8. Opensource
9. Increasing Service Resiliency
10.  Improving Risk Management

3)How to install Chef Workstation

• We need to login in the chef workstation page
• Next we need to select the linux as a platform.
• After that we need to download then we will get an link .
• we get https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chef-workstation/22.5.923/el/7/chef-workstation-22.5.923-1.el7.x86_64.rpm this link.
• Copy this to the putty, mingw server and download the packages of the chef.
• Workstation will be installed sucessfully.

4)One Example Program of Recipe

file ‘/opt/first.txt’ do
action :delete
end

file ‘/opt/content.txt’ do
content “This is my first program of chef”
mode 755
owner “root”
end

Terraform is an open source “Infrastructure as Code” tool. It is used by DevOps teams to automate infrastructure tasks. It is used to define and provision the complete infrastructure using an easy-to-learn declarative language. It is an infrastructure provisioning tool where you can store your cloud infrastructure setup as codes. 

2)example terraform program

provider “github” {
token = “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”
owner = “vunnava-reshma”
}

resource “github_repository” “example” {
name = “reshma”
description = “My awesome codebase “

visibility = “public”
}

3)List of 5 terraform commands and its use

• terraform init –> It initializes a working directory containing terraform configuration files
• terraform apply – >executes the actions.
•  terraform show –> is used to provide human readable output from state file.
• terraform plan –> it evaluates a terraform configuration to determine the desired state of all the resources it declares. Which lets to preview the changes that terraform plans to make to your infrastructure.
• terraform destroy –>it is a convenient way to destroy all remote objects managed by particular terraform configuration
• terraform get –>Downloads and updates modules defined in the root module..

Kubernetes is open-source orchestration software for deploying, managing, and scaling containers. The purpose of kubernetes is to host our application in the form of containers in an automated fashion. We can easily deploy as many instances of our appilcation as required and easily enable communication between different services witin our application.

2)Five reasons of using kuberenetes

• Improved scalability and availability
• Multi-cloud flexibility.
• IT cost optimization. 
• Faster time to market
• Its open source.

3)Each kubernetes Components

• Kubernetes cluster—-> It consists of a set of nodes, which may be physical or virtual, on cloud that hosts applications in the form of containers.
• API Server —————>API Server here is collection of multiple servers together working on same agenda. Acting as a admin tool for the architecture.
• Worker nodes———>The worker nodes i.e. the worker machines or VMs host and runs the pods of the deployed workload on them.
• etcd———————> It acts as a persistent storage and stores all the cluster level data into it.
• kubelet——————>It is a software agent that runs continuously on every node of the cluster. 
• controller-manager—–> It manages all the controller processes such as node controller, endpoint controller, etc.
• Kube Proxy ————–>It is used for networking services and also for maintaining the network rules in a cluster.
• Network Driver ———-> It is used for network driving for using the and running the plugins properly.

Docker is an open source platform for managing containers. It enables developers to package applications into containers. this platform makes the task easier, simpler and safe to build, deploy and manage the containers. Docker is essentially a tool kit that enables developers to build, deploy, run, update, and stop containers using simple commands and work saving automation through a single API. As, a result, container technology offers all the functionality and benefits of VMs including application isolation, cost effective, disposability and scalability.

2)What is Container

Containers are instances of Docker images that can be run using the Docker run command. Docker Containers are the ready applications created from Docker Images. We can create, start, stop, move, or remove a container using the docker. We can connect a container to one or more networks, attach storage to it, or even create a new image based on its current state. A container is defined by its image as well as any configuration options you provide to it when you create or start it. When a container is removed, any changes to its state that are not stored in persistent storage disappear.

3)Top 5 advantage of Docker

• Consistent and Isolated Environment
• Test, Roll Back and Deploy
• Cost-effectiveness with Fast Deployment
• Continuous Integration
• Security
• Flexibility

4)Top 10 commands used

• docker ps -a ————-> display all containers status
• docker start—————>starts a container
• docker images————-> to check the images currently running
• docker pull httpd ———–> pulls httpd docker image from docker hub
• docker exec -it bash ——–>create a new bash session inside container.
• docker inspect (cont id) —–> Gives information about the container.
• docker ps ———————-> lists the running containers by default
• docker stop (container id) —> it stops that container specified.
• docker rm (cont id) ————-> removes that container from the list
• docker run -d httpd –———> is used to run the container in the detached mode.

1. DevOps is the combination of software development and IT operations. It’s primary goal is to reduce the development lifecycle by providing continuous delivery with the quality software. DevOps follows the unique culture ,practices and tools which helps to deliver applications with high speed.

2)Ten Advantages In DevOps:

• By using devops we can able to deliver the software with high quality in less time
• unites team for faster product shipments
• simplifies development focus
• supports end-end responsibilities
• communication
• integration
• automation
• continuous delivery of software
• fast and reliable problem solving techniques
• minimal cost of production.

3)Top 10 Tools Used in DevOPs

• GIT
• maven
• junit
• jenkins
• nagios
• pupet
• saltsack
• eclipse
• docker
• kubernetes

4)Implementation of Devops

First we need to introduce devops initiative as the next step we need to develop Devops Statergy as the following we need to use containers to ensure software reliability while traversing between the processes. After that we need to integrate infrastructure with CI/CD Tools and next we need to test more on Automation and QADev Alingment as the last step we will do application performance Monitoring. By this we can implement devops.