Ranjith – Best DevOps https://www.bestdevops.com Lets Learn, Do it & Share! Thats a Best DevOps!!! Fri, 06 Aug 2021 07:28:47 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.3 PKS Post training- Ranjith https://www.bestdevops.com/pks-post-training-ranjith/ Fri, 06 Aug 2021 07:28:45 +0000 https://www.bestdevops.com/?p=18753 CF commands list: 
cf help
cf version
cf login
cf logout
cf api 
CF_ADMIN_PASSWORD="$(bosh interpolate ./cf-install-values.yml --path /cf_admin_password)"
cf auth admin
cf enable-feature-flag diego_docker 
cf apply-manifest
cf create-space
cf target 
cf push 
cf apps
cf version
cf org-quotas
cf orgs
cf org
cf org-users
cf create-org
cf delete-org
cf rename-org
cf spaces
cf space
cf create-space
cf delete-space
cf rename-space
cf services
cf marketplaces
]]> Kubernetes Notes- Ranjith https://www.bestdevops.com/kubernetes-notes-ranjith/ Thu, 22 Jul 2021 06:58:13 +0000 https://www.bestdevops.com/?p=18061 10 Benefits/features of Kubernetes
  • Container Orchestration
  • Desired State
  • Workload distribution
  • Self healing Capabilities
  • Automated Rollbacks
  • Auto Scaling
  • Load balancing
  • Environment consistency for development through production
  • Automated Scheduling
  • Speed of deployment
  • Ability to absorb change quickly
  • Ability recover quickly
  • Hide complexity in the cluster
  • Bin packing
  • Resource utilization
  • Secret and config management

How Kubernetes works

UI or CLI interacts with Kubernetes Master’s (Control Plane) API server. API servers connectts with Controller and etcd for controller allocation and storing the requests. Then Scheduler talks to the Nodes/workers through kubelet on the nodes for distributing the requests. Workers instantiates PODS and under PODS clusters will be created for deploying the application.

Kubernetes architecture diagram

Kubernetes the most prominent technology in modern microservices. It is designed to make managing microservices clusters of containerized applications simpler and more automated. Beneath this simple notion is a world of complexity. 

One helpful way to think about Kubernetes is as a distributed operating system for containers. It provides the tools and commands necessary for orchestrating the interaction and scaling of containers (most commonly Docker Containers) and the infrastructure containers run on. A general tool designed to work for a wide range of scenarios, Kubernetes is a very flexible system—and very complex.

Kubernetes Works Like an Operating System:

Kubernetes is an example of a well-architected distributed system. It treats all the machines in a cluster as a single pool of resources. It takes up the role of a distributed operating system by effectively managing the scheduling, allocating the resources, monitoring the health of the infrastructure, and even maintaining the desired state of infrastructure and workloads. Kubernetes is an operating system capable of running modern applications across multiple clusters and infrastructures on cloud services and private data center environments.

Like any other mature distributed system, Kubernetes has two layers consisting of the head nodes and worker nodes. The head nodes typically run the control plane responsible for scheduling and managing the life cycle of workloads. The worker nodes act as the workhorses that run applications. The collection of head nodes and worker nodes becomes a cluster.

Components of Master

  • kube-apiserver -> Front-end for the Kubernetes
  • kube-controller-manager -> Controls the Controllers for Nodes, PODS, endpoints etc., which watches for changes and helps in maintaining desired state
  • kube-scheduler -> Schedules or assigns work to Workers/Nodes connecting through kubelet. It keeps watch over the resource capacity and ensures that a worker node’s performance is within an appropriate threshold.
  • etcd – Storage -> stores the cluster data. Consistent and highly-available key value store used as Kubernetes’ backing store for all cluster data. requests gets stored in cluster store in key value format powered by etcd

Components of Worker Node

  • kubelet – tracks the state of the pod to ensure containers are up and running. main kubernetes agent which registers node with cluster and instantiates pods, exposes endpoint on: 10255
  • kube-proxy – routes traffic coming into a node from the service. It forwards requests for work to the correct containers and PODS. Each POD can have multiple containers as required. manages kubernetes networking (pod IP addresses), all containers in a pod share a single IP.
  • Docker engine : does container management: pulling images and running containers.

Components of Workstation

  • kubectl – allows run commands against kubernetes clusters APIServer.
  • creation of json/yaml file

PODs

  • Pod is the most basic unit of work. Atomic unit of scheduling.
  • Pods run on Workers/nodes in the cluster.
  • Containers always run inside of Pods.
  • Pod can have one or more Containers.
  • All containers in Pod share the same Pod environment.
  • Pod is running as long as (at-least) one container associated to that Pod is running.
  • Each Pod can have application hosted in container of type. If same application need to deploy in multiple containers then it should be distributed to different Pods. This is because the container share the pod network environment, so same port cannot be deployed in multiple containers of same Pod.
  • Pods are never redeployed.
  • Pods can be replicated but it will create another copy.
  • If a node fails, Pods on the node are automatically scheduled for deletion.
  • Pods talk to each other through Pod network.
  • Intra-pod communication can be accessed with localhost.
  • Pods can communicate with each other by using another pods IP address or by referencing a resource that resides in another pod.
  • Phases of Pod status : Pending, Running, Succeeded and Failed.
  • Can consider a Pod to be a self-contained, isolated “logical host” that contains the needs of the application it serves.
  • Pods are ephemeral. They are not designed to run forever, and when a Pod is terminated it cannot be brought back.
]]> Ranjith – LAB https://www.bestdevops.com/ranjith-lab/ Wed, 21 Jul 2021 06:09:29 +0000 https://www.bestdevops.com/?p=17806 Docker

Assignment#1

  • Create a Ubuntu container
  • Install Update, git & apache2
  • run a git command in container from outside
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
04ac2b21990d   ubuntu    "bash"    11 minutes ago   Exited (0) 8 seconds ago             blissful_goodall
0f5739833f21   ubuntu    "bash"    24 minutes ago   Created                              hardcore_khorana
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker rm 04ac2b21990d 0f5739833f21
04ac2b21990d
0f5739833f21
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# clear
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker run -itd ubuntu
b039577d5e2b2bf0fcb43d8feeef3806406955df5b92e4588eac308eaf70dc10
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b039577d5e2b   ubuntu    "bash"    6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds             upbeat_satoshi
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker attach b039577d5e2b
root@b039577d5e2b:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
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Reading package lists... Done



root@b039577d5e2b:/# apt-get install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates git-man krb5-locales less libasn1-8-heimdal libbrotli1 libbsd0 libcbor0.6 libcurl3-gnutls
  libedit2 liberror-perl libexpat1 libfido2-1 libgdbm-compat4 libgdbm6 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssapi3-heimdal
  libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libheimntlm0-heimdal libhx509-5-heimdal libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1
  libkrb5-26-heimdal libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common libnghttp2-14 libperl5.30 libpsl5
  libroken18-heimdal librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libsqlite3-0 libssh-4 libssl1.1
  libwind0-heimdal libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxmuu1 netbase openssh-client
  openssl patch perl perl-modules-5.30 publicsuffix xauth
Suggested packages:
  gettext-base git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs
  git-mediawiki git-svn gdbm-l10n krb5-doc krb5-user libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit
  | libsasl2-modules-gssapi-heimdal libsasl2-modules-ldap libsasl2-modules-otp libsasl2-modules-sql keychain
  libpam-ssh monkeysphere ssh-askpass ed diffutils-doc perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl
  | libterm-readline-perl-perl make libb-debug-perl liblocale-codes-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates git git-man krb5-locales less libasn1-8-heimdal libbrotli1 libbsd0 libcbor0.6 libcurl3-gnutls
  libedit2 liberror-perl libexpat1 libfido2-1 libgdbm-compat4 libgdbm6 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssapi3-heimdal
  libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libheimntlm0-heimdal libhx509-5-heimdal libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1
  libkrb5-26-heimdal libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common libnghttp2-14 libperl5.30 libpsl5
  libroken18-heimdal librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libsqlite3-0 libssh-4 libssl1.1
  libwind0-heimdal libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxmuu1 netbase openssh-client
  openssl patch perl perl-modules-5.30 publicsuffix xauth
0 upgraded, 56 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 110 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:53 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 git-man all 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.1 [884 kB]
Get:54 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 git amd64 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.1 [4557 kB]
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Setting up librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2build1) ...
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Setting up libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.17-6ubuntu4.1) ...
Setting up libsasl2-2:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libroken18-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up git-man (1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up netbase (6.1) ...
Setting up libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.17-6ubuntu4.1) ...
Setting up libfido2-1:amd64 (1.3.1-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up openssl (1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.4) ...
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Setting up libedit2:amd64 (3.1-20191231-1) ...
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Setting up ca-certificates (20210119~20.04.1) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
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Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
129 added, 0 removed; done.
Setting up libwind0-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 (1.17-6ubuntu4.1) ...
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Setting up perl (5.30.0-9ubuntu0.2) ...
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Setting up liberror-perl (0.17029-1) ...
Setting up libgssapi3-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.49+dfsg-2ubuntu1.8) ...
Setting up libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.68.0-1ubuntu2.5) ...
Setting up git (1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20210119~20.04.1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
done.

root@b039577d5e2b:/# apt-get install apache2
root@b039577d5e2b:/# exit

[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker commit -m"ubuntu-update-git-apache" -a "Ranjith" b039577d5e2b
sha256:1f2b6321a6d0d36912ad8745a624fe470c20950a78695968ceba47ad0d72eb2e
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS     NAMES
b039577d5e2b   ubuntu    "bash"    10 minutes ago   Exited (127) About a minute ago             up


[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker exec b039577d5e2b git --version
git version 2.25.1
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]#

Assignment#2

  • Create a httpd container exposed at 8080 port
  • Access(curl) container from node
[root@ip-172-31-9-162 centos]# docker run -d -p 80:80 httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
b4d181a07f80: Pull complete
4b72f5187e6e: Pull complete
12b2c44d04b2: Pull complete
35c238b46d30: Pull complete
1adcec05f52b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1fd07d599a519b594b756d2e4e43a72edf7e30542ce646f5eb3328cf3b12341a
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
872ee2ecff5a8af886a47ea51c27a28f03275ef4e4a19d300ac9e77f02187fa3
]]>