Chef is used to automating the process of infrastructure provisioning. The Chef tool helps in speeding up the deployment process and software delivery. Being a DevOps tool it helps in streamlining the configuration task and managing the company’s server. A chef is an open-source configuration management tool that uses Ruby to develop essential building blocks like recipes and cookbooks. It is an automation tool that converts infrastructure to code. It focuses on writing code instead of using the manual process.

the architecture of chef consists of workstation chef servers and nodes

-workstation makes the interaction with Chef-server possible and also with the Chef-nodes.Chef Server is the center of the workstation and the nodes. All the cookbooks, recipes, and metadata are stored here.Nodes refer to the machines that are managed or configured by the Chef Server, which may be virtual servers, network devices, or any other storage devices.

*10 Advantage of Chef?

-Chef applies a continuous delivery model to the software release cycle by automating its workflow.

-System administration tasks are saved as cookbooks and recipes

-there are reusable configuration steps toward a desired state.

-Chef has wide industry support across the cloud ecosystem

-chef works with just about every platform

-Chef as being heavily reliant on code, taking a programming approach to large-scale system administration.

-.its architecture is fully integrated with the Chef Server

-The speed of software development refers to how quickly the software is able to change in response to new requirements or conditions,this accerelates software delivery

-it lowers risk and improve compliance at all stages of development

-it helps in managing data center and cloud environment

*How to install Chef Workstation?

open the chef workstation website ,select the option in which we want to download the version for example centos,promoting a ui to get details which provides weblink

in command prompt give this command wget https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chef-workstation/22.5.923/el/7/chef-workstation-22.5.923-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rpm -ivh chef-workstation-22.5.923-1.el7.x86_64.rpm this command to install chef workstation

-which chef ,helps to location of chef workstation

-one can follow the commands like chef version to find version of chef installed and create programs too

*One Example Program of Recipe?

-create a file file.rb

-add the line

file ‘/opt/first.txt’

file ‘/opt/first.txt’ do
action :delete
end

in the file to create a recipr program

-the other data can added which includes other details

file ‘/opt/content.txt’ do
content “This is my first program of chef”
mode 755
owner ‘root’
end

-run the command chef-apply file.rb

-it improves static security for applications

-it allows to upload third party and customer specific security instructions

-static application security testing helps to find code related issues in early deployment stage

-it helps in fast and accurate scanning

-it helps in identifying vulnerabilities that pose the greatest threat

-forify sca helps to reduce development Time and Cost

OpenShift is a hybrid cloud platform. It offers automated installation, upgrades, and lifecycle management throughout the container stack .

OpenShift is a cloud development Platform as a Service (PaaS) hosted by Red Hat. It’s an open source cloud-based user-friendly platform used to create, test, and run applications, and finally deploy them on cloud.

OpenShift is capable of managing applications in different languages such as Node.js, Ruby, Python and Java. One of the key features . is it is extensible which helps the users support the application written in other languages.Images are the basic building blocks of OpenShift, which are formed out of Docker images. In each pod on OpenShift, the cluster has its own images running inside it. Red Hat OpenShift is a leading enterprise Kubernetes platform that enables a cloud-like experience everywhere it’s deployed. Whether it’s in the cloud, on-premise or at the edge, Red Hat OpenShift gives you the ability to choose where you build, deploy, and run applications through a consistent experience.Red Hat OpenShift delivers a complete application platform for both traditional and cloud-native applications, allowing them to run anywhere

it is a open source tool.it is a software which enables to create ,change and improve infrastructure .terraform used to automate the provisioning of your cloud resources.it helps to automate infrastructure tasks.terraform facilitates your DevOps team to easily define, provision, and configure resources in on-premises and cloud servers efficiently .

*One example terraform program

install terraform.

create terraform.tf file and create a new file to add providers

and run terraform init

and create resources.tf file to add code and save the file.

one can use various terraform files like terraform plan,terraform apply,terraform show etc.one can add token for authentication

provider "github" {
token = "XXXXXX"
owner = "XXXXXX" }



resource "github_repository" "example" {
  name        = "example"
  description = "My code"

  visibility = "public"
}

* List of 5 terraform commands and its use

1.terraform init- initializes the (local) Terraform environment.

2.terraform plan- it describes Terraform’s default planning behavior, which isintended for changing the remote system to match with changes you’ve made toyour configuration

3.terraform apply-The terraform apply command executes the actions proposed in a Terraform plan

4.terraform show- The terraform show command is used to provide human-readable output from a state or plan file

5.terraform destroy- this command is used to destroy the Terraform-managed infrastructure.

It is an open source platform which is container orchestration ,Developed by google and in go language.kubernetes manages multiple dockernet hosts. kubernetes can run on any platform like cloud, aws etc.it helps in managing and deploying containers at a scale.it is used for automating software deployment, scaling and management.

*5 reasons of using kubernetes

-easy deployment of software and also containers

-it brings dynamism(better architecture)

-it helps to solve devops problems easily and fastily

-it improves speeding time to market

-it runs in any environment

-helps in building multi cloud strategy

*Each kubernetes Components & write 2-3 lines about each one of them

kubelet: It is a software agent that runs continuously on every node of the cluster. The kubelet ensures that the containers run in Pods in a healthy manner

docker -for holding the containers with libraries and files necessary for software

kubectl-kubectl is your cockpit to control Kubernetes. It allows you to perform every possible Kubernetes operation .it is client for kubernetes api

kubeadm-Kubeadm is a tool built to provide best-practice fast paths for creating Kubernetes clusters.It performs the actions necessary to get a minimum viable, secure cluster up and running in a user friendly way

kube proxy-It maintains the networking rules and protocols on the nodes. It is a network proxy that runs on each node in the cluster to ensure seamless and secure networking

Network Driver-used for networking driver

Controller mgmr-it embeds core control loops shipped with kuernetes.controllers help to watch loops in which state cluster is ,then make or request change

Schedular-in which assigns pods to nodes .these determine which nodes are valid placements for each pod

Etcd-it stores all its data its configuration and states along with metadatait also stores api objects and service discovery

API Server-it validates and configures data for api objects including services ,replication controllers etc.these provide rest operations

Docker is a fully independent application run time environment, which helps applications package into containers. docker is a software development platform which helps in running various environment testings . once dockers are formed it manages in creating, starting, stop and pause, unpause and also removing the containers .docker uses operating system libraries to deliver software.docker makes packaging process easier and also building, shipping along with deploying software .it helps to work across applications.dockers can be deployed in virtual servers or clouds also

*What is Container?

these are instances of docker images .it bundles application’s code and related libraries and configuration files which are necessary for the software.Containers are fast and small because they get the features and resources of the host OS.

A Docker container is a standardized, encapsulated environment that runs applications.Docker Container is a standardized unit which can be created on the fly to deploy a particular application or environment.containers help to deploy the application in various environment testing with no or little modification.

*What are top 5 advantage of Docker?

-easy to deploy along with portable,fast

-efficient management in various environment

-continuous integration

-ability for debugging

-moving the container from environment to other environment

-consistent environment and reduced it infrastructure

* What are top 10 commands you used today and oneline explnations.

1.docker ps -list of all containers in the machine

2.docker rm eed09d3f6193 -removing this container from list of containers

3.docker inspect 65400e443ee0 -to access container from outside using ip address

4.apt-get install git-to install git

5.docker commit -m”ub-up-git-ap-java” -a “rajesh Kumar” 76e6a965fb86 ramukaka -this gives information for which changes are done inside container along with author ,container id and new name for the container

6.sudo systemctl start docker -for starting the docker

7.docker pause eed09d3f6193 -to pause the running container port

8.docker run -itd ubuntu -to get image related to ubuntu

9.docker cp get-docker.sh 76e6a965fb86:/opt -to copy the file into opt file in container

10.docker create httpd -create new images with unique container ids

devops is a culture which helps to change in mindset of members from different teams like development, operations team and testing working for same project .devops helps in delivering frequently the changes we made or progress we did in the project, this improves the quality and stability of project with frequent delivery along with cost reduction with improves performance of software with continuous verification in the software

*10 Advantange of the DevOps

1.increased production speed

2.improves performance and stability of project

3.eliminates waste like knowledge waste,processing waste,waiting waste,inventory waste

4,helps in self assesment and upgrading in technologies

5.innovation and continuous delivery,cost reduction in runtime

6.collaboration among teams

7.few errors which improves reliability

8.increased production speed

9.lower risk due to less release cycle time ,trying to correct bugs and errors

10.better user experience and reduced outages

*Top 10 Tools used in DevOps?

devops tools are slack,jenkins-enkins automates the complete build cycle of a software project

->docker- Docker allows secure packaging, deploying and running of applications irrespective of the running environment

->phantom-Using the phantom tool, you can collaborate in a centralized environment on an incident and be aware of the rising security threats at the same time

->nagios, ->vagrant, ->ansible

->github- can make rapid iterations to the code, the notification of which is sent instantaneously to other team members. In case of any error or fallout, immediate rollbacks can be done to the previous version within seconds, ->sentry

-> bitbucket-it is also a tool , helps in managing project code throughout the software development cycle

*How to implement DevOps?

implementation of devops includes code,build,continuous integration,continuous test,continuous deployment and continuous release , continuous monitoring

in implementating devops, organisation need to create a team which include members from development team, operations team along with testing team for continuous verification and for information exchange

code and build together it forms agile development in which necessary module or functions are added which are required for the software

continuous integration involves coding ,build, integrating and testing .integrating and testing involves combining the various modules at baseline and verifying their features and working at various levels and various inputs

continuous delivery ,it delivers the software in the market with newly made changes.continuous deployment is verifying changes from one environment testing to another one. continuous monitoring involves the observing the working of software while using are using the software